Java 正则表达式的捕获组(capture group)( 32 位 float 型的二进制存储 (32位浮点型数的二进制存储))
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- 2024-10-26 00:22:02
Java 正则表达式的捕获组(capture group)( 32 位 float 型的二进制存储 (32位浮点型数的二进制存储))
捕获组分为:
普通捕获组(Expression)命名捕获组(?Expression)普通捕获组从正则表达式左侧开始,每出现一个左括号"("记做一个分组,分组编号从 1 开始。0 代表整个表达式。
对于时间字符串:2017-04-25,表达式如下
(\\d{4})-((\\d{2})-(\\d{2}))有 4 个左括号,所以有 4 个分组:
编号 捕获组 匹配 0 (\d{4})-((\d{2})-(\d{2})) 2017-04-25 1 (\d{4}) 2017 2 ((\d{2})-(\d{2})) 04-25 3 (\d{2}) 04 4 (\d{2}) 25 public static final String DATE_STRING = "2017-04-25";public static final String P_COMM = "(\\d{4})-((\\d{2})-(\\d{2}))"; Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(P_COMM);Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(DATE_STRING);matcher.find();//必须要有这句System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(0) value:%s", matcher.group(0));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(1) value:%s", matcher.group(1));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(2) value:%s", matcher.group(2));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(3) value:%s", matcher.group(3));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(4) value:%s", matcher.group(4));命名捕获组每个以左括号开始的捕获组,都紧跟着 ?,而后才是正则表达式。
对于时间字符串:2017-04-25,表达式如下:
(?<year>\\d{4})-(?<md>(?<month>\\d{2})-(?<date>\\d{2}))有 4 个命名的捕获组,分别是:
编号 名称 捕获组 匹配 0 0 (?\d{4})-(?(?\d{2})-(?\d{2})) 2017-04-25 1 year (?\d{4})- 2017 2 md (?(?\d{2})-(?\d{2})) 04-25 3 month (?\d{2}) 04 4 date (?\d{2}) 25命名的捕获组同样也可以使用编号获取相应值。
public static final String P_NAMED = "(?<year>\\d{4})-(?<md>(?<month>\\d{2})-(?<date>\\d{2}))";public static final String DATE_STRING = "2017-04-25"; Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(P_NAMED);Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(DATE_STRING);matcher.find();System.out.printf("\n===========使用名称获取=============");System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(0) value:%s", matcher.group(0));System.out.printf("\n matcher.group('year') value:%s", matcher.group("year"));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group('md') value:%s", matcher.group("md"));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group('month') value:%s", matcher.group("month"));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group('date') value:%s", matcher.group("date"));matcher.reset();System.out.printf("\n===========使用编号获取=============");matcher.find();System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(0) value:%s", matcher.group(0));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(1) value:%s", matcher.group(1));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(2) value:%s", matcher.group(2));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(3) value:%s", matcher.group(3));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(4) value:%s", matcher.group(4));PS:非捕获组在左括号后紧跟 ?:,而后再加上正则表达式,构成非捕获组 (?:Expression)。
对于时间字符串:2017-04-25,表达式如下:
(?:\\d{4})-((\\d{2})-(\\d{2}))这个正则表达式虽然有四个左括号,理论上有 4 个捕获组。但是第一组 (?:\d{4}),其实是被忽略的。当使用 matcher.group(4) 时,系统会报错。
编号 捕获组 匹配 0 (\d{4})-((\d{2})-(\d{2})) 2017-04-25 1 ((\d{2})-(\d{2})) 04-25 2 (\d{2}) 04 3 (\d{2}) 25 public static final String P_UNCAP = "(?:\\d{4})-((\\d{2})-(\\d{2}))";public static final String DATE_STRING = "2017-04-25"; Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(P_UNCAP);Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(DATE_STRING);matcher.find();System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(0) value:%s", matcher.group(0));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(1) value:%s", matcher.group(1));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(2) value:%s", matcher.group(2));System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(3) value:%s", matcher.group(3)); // Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: No group 4System.out.printf("\nmatcher.group(4) value:%s", matcher.group(4));总结普通捕获组使用方便;命名捕获组使用清晰;非捕获组目前在项目中还没有用武之地。原文地址:blog.csdn.net/just4you/article/details/70767928
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